Data Sources
- US states GDP per capita (2025) — U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), GDP by State (SAGDP1/SAGDP9N), preliminary annual 2025 estimates released April 9, 2026; population: U.S. Census Bureau, State Population Totals 2020–2025 (released January 13, 2026).
https://www.bea.gov/data/gdp/gdp-state
- European countries GDP per capita (2025, nominal & PPP) — World Bank, World Development Indicators (WDI), 2026 update; 2025 actuals. Nominal: NY.GDP.PCAP.CD; PPP: NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.CD (current international dollars).
https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD
GDP per capita = nominal GDP / population, in current US dollars. DC excluded from US states (2025: $277,689 — far above any state).
Luxembourg & Ireland excluded from the European quintile calculation as extreme outliers ($131.6k–$147.3k) but shown in the distribution and table.
European set includes EU-27 + UK, Norway, Switzerland, Iceland. PPP per capita is available for countries only (US is the PPP base, so US nominal = PPP).
Nominal growth is the 2024→2025 change in current-dollar GDP per capita.